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Wednesday, November 14, 2007

Dollar Crisis: Economic Pearl Harbor?

What do Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bündchen and the People's Republic of China have in common? The answer, as of last week, is that both distrust the dollar.

Patricia Bündchen, the twin sister and manager of the world's top model, announced that Gisele now prefers to be paid in euros rather than dollars. Almost simultaneously, the Chinese central bank predicted that the dollar is likely to lose its status as the world's leading currency.

One could easily overlook a supermodel's currency preferences, but China is a different story. It's the beast breathing down America's neck.

The most important country in the world for the United States isn't Great Britain, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Russia or Iraq. China holds that dubious distinction, because it is also the country the US can least do without. Without its willingness to buy an almost unlimited supply of US treasury bonds, there would be no American spending miracle. Without a spending miracle there would be no economic growth. In other words, without China the US superpower would lose a significant share of its economic clout.

So far Beijing has behaved like the benevolent shopkeeper who willingly extends credit to his customers. The Americans receive shipments of Chinese-made television sets, toys and underwear, but the Chinese do not import a comparable volume of US goods. The gap between buying and selling amounts to about $5 billion every week.

The Chinese are satisfied with buying US treasury bonds, partly to keep their most important customer afloat. The central bank in Beijing already holds currency reserves of $1.4 trillion.

The Chinese have looked on with great patience as their best customer has gradually lost its ability to supply goods.

But the men in power in Beijing cannot be indifferent to the dollar's decline. It devalues their central bank's dollar reserves, the monetary embodiment of some of the fruits of China's export machine.

For the United States, a Chinese decision to abandon the dollar would be tantamount to Pearl Harbor without the war. It would represent a challenge to the world's biggest economy by the world's fastest growing economy. Millions of people would see their standard of living suffer as a result, and American self-confidence, already shaky, would crumble even further. The United States would suffer a serious blow on its very own turf, the economy.

Americans can hardly blame Beijing for their troubles. The Chinese aren't exactly kamikaze politicians, concocting some secret plan to attack the dollar. On the contrary, the preparations are taking place in full view. Translated into Texan, what the Chinese politely told the Americans last week simply means: Unless something happens, all hell will break loose.

For years the US economy has suffered one dramatic setback after another. A historic trend reversal began with the rise of the Asian economies -- first Japan, then China and now India. The United States, a once-proud exporting nation, became the world's biggest importer. In only 15 years, from 1992 to 2007, the US balance of trade deficit has surged from $84 billion to $700 billion.

Within a single generation, the world's biggest lender has become its biggest borrower, a circumstance the United States has made no serious attempts to change. And what has been Washington's standard take on the shift? The dollar is our currency, but it's your problem.

Thus, the tone of the US government's callous and thick-skinned reaction to China's announcement last week came as no surprise. There was a reason the dollar became the world's reserve currency, US Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson said in a slightly offended tone.

But the truth is that the United States would be better off if Paulson and the administration of President George W. Bush would take decisive action instead of sulking. The US's ability to deliver goods should be increased and its industrial base should be reinvigorated. Government and consumer spending, which in reality is doing nothing but eating away at the country's future, should be curbed. Although growth would decline as a result, it would be a more sustainable form of growth.

Last week's remark by a Chinese central bank official should be interpreted as a warning, not a threat. Indeed, China has no choice but to respond, given the dollar's ongoing weakness.

For these reasons, an attack on the US economy is probably the most easily predictable event of the coming years. And if it happens, the attacker will even be able to justify its actions as self-defense.

What is the difference between the US government in 1941 and the administration in Washington today? Perhaps there is none. A Japanese attack on the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor was unimaginable, even though US intelligence had picked up clues that it could happen. Washington, at the time, was convinced that the Japanese wouldn't dare stage an attack on a target 5,000 miles away, and that they wouldn't succeed if they did.

The crews on America's ships were sleeping as the Japanese bombers approached Pearl Harbor.

Another British import finds running success at Butler

Like so many runners before him, Andy Baker arrived from England without ever having seen the Butler campus or met the coach. Baker was ambitious, though.


"I wanted to prove I'm a better runner than what it looks like I am," said Baker, who is in only his fourth year of serious running.
He made his U.S. cross country debut Sept. 28 at the Notre Dame Invitational. He finished 97th.
What that proved to coach Matt Roe was that something was wrong. Roe was right. Baker was diagnosed with iron deficiency, a condition that improved with supplements and change of diet.
"Now, he's just like a freight train," Roe said.
Baker won the Horizon League race by more than a minute. He finished third in last week's Great Lakes Regional, one of the toughest of nine regionals nationwide. That qualified him for the NCAA Championships, set for Monday at Terre Haute.
Notre Dame's Patrick Smyth was first on Bloomington's 10,000-meter course in 30 minutes, 22.44 seconds. Big Ten champion Matt Withrow, Wisconsin, finished second in 30:38.42. Baker followed about two seconds later.
Baker said he wasn't familiar with the names, and that might have been advantageous.
"They didn't really mean anything to me," he said.
Now it is Baker making a name for himself. Butler has a legacy of top finishers in NCAA cross country -- Victoria Mitchell was fourth in 2005, Mark Tucker fourth in 2002, Fraser Thompson 14th in 2000 and Julius Mwangi third in 1998.
Baker, 22, is a transfer from Loughborough College, where two-time Olympic gold medalist Sebastian Coe and former Butler runner Becky Lyne attended. Butler's pipeline from the United Kingdom was built by former coach Joe Franklin, who left for New Mexico.
Baker conceded there was initial concern but that the transition has been easy. Roe wants to intensify recruiting in the Midwest but said Butler would continue to seek foreign athletes. Baker, in particular, has become valuable as a teammate.
"To have somebody like that who's an international athlete, who's a little bit older, really provides a great dynamic and structure for our program," Roe said.
Butler did not qualify its men's or women's teams for the NCAAs, but it has another British representative in senior Genni Gardner, 23, who was ninth in the women's regional race.
No. 19 Notre Dame and No. 28 Indiana made the men's field as at-large teams. Also advancing were two Hoosiers from Stanford, Nef Araia (Lawrence North) and Katie Harrington (Carmel). Araia, the 2006 NCAA runner-up, was sixth in the West Regional. Harrington, the No. 5 runner for Stanford's top-ranked women, was 14th in the regional.
Sports of all sorts

Gymnastics: Pittsboro gymnast Bridget Sloan, an alternate on the U.S. team that won a gold medal at the World Championships, has been selected to compete in a pre-Olympics test event later this month at Beijing. . . . Samantha Peszek, McCordsville, is narrator for an online episode of "USA Gymnastics: Behind the Team." A video behind-the-scenes look at a visit by Peszek and her U.S. teammates to New York City can be accessed at usa-gymnastics.org or attblueroom.com/teamusa.
Running: IU has constructed a tribute to cross country and track greats at Running Legends Park, a collection of limestone slabs on IU's cross country course. . . . Cindy Harris, 38, Indianapolis, won the women's division of a race to the top of Chicago's Sears Tower for the sixth straight year Sunday. She ran 103 flights of stairs -- 2,109 steps -- in 15 minutes, 1 second. . . . Desiree Davila won a special women's 10,000-meter track race in 33:20.7 Saturday at IUPUI. Erin Nehus of the Indiana Invaders was seventh in 34:14.1.
Trampoline and tumbling: A Fortville 11-year-old, Tristan Van Natta, won a silver medal in women's double-mini trampoline in the age-group world championships at Quebec City, Quebec.

S. Korean firms demand EU's early lowering of import duties

SEOUL, Nov. 15 (Yonhap) -- South Korean companies called on the government Thursday to push for the early lowering of the European Union's (EU) import duties on cars and electronic goods at free trade talks scheduled for next week.

Representatives from such industry umbrella groups as the Korea Automobile Manufacturers Association (KAMA) and the Korea Display Industry Association (KDIA) said it is imperative that local companies be allowed to export goods without paying import duties if a free trade agreement (FTA) is reached.

In four previous FTA talks held between South Korea and the EU, European negotiators said they want to maintain tariffs on cars and some electronic products for up to seven years.

Cars and electronics account for a large part of South Korea's exports to the 27-nation economic bloc, which totaled US$48.45 billion last year. The EU is the second-largest destination for South Korean products after China.

South Korean companies also said that Seoul must get the EU to soften its stance on its country of origin rules for components that go into products.

"Because EU countries can get cheap parts from East European members, they are insisting on higher percentages of so-called locally made parts than even the United States," said one businessman. He said that since South Korea imports many of its components from countries like China, the EU's position places local companies at a disadvantage if a FTA is signed.

The request by KAMA, KDIA, and other interest groups including the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Federation of Korean Industries comes as the trading partners get ready for the fifth round of talks in Brussels from Monday to Friday.

Local businesses have held six previous talks beginning in February to coordinate their requests to government negotiators and to exchange views on how best to maximize benefits from the FTA.

The government, meanwhile, said the upcoming talks will determine whether the trade talks will proceed on track or take longer than anticipated. Seoul said it wants to conclude negotiations within the year.

"Policymakers will reflect requests made by businesses at the upcoming talks," said Hong Suk-woo, the deputy minister for trade at the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy.

He said that while Seoul will do its best to help companies, businessmen should do their part to aggressively make inroads into the world's single largest economic block.

World Bank Raises East Asia's Growth Forecast as China Expands

Nov. 15 (Bloomberg) -- East Asia's economies will expand at the fastest pace in more than a decade in 2007 as China's accelerating growth offsets a slowdown in U.S. demand for the region's goods, the World Bank said.

East Asia, which excludes Japan and the Indian subcontinent, will grow 8.4 percent this year, faster than the 7.3 percent rate the World Bank predicted in April. Economic growth will slow to 8.2 percent next year, the Washington-based lender said its semi-annual report today.

``This year's pickup in East Asia has occurred despite an already substantial decline in U.S. import growth, and some slowing in the region's own exports,'' the bank said. ``Capacity utilization is at much higher levels now than it was in the last global downturn and the region's corporations are also stronger.''

Surging exports and business investment have driven China's trade surplus to a record and boosted its foreign-exchange holdings to the highest globally. In turn, China's appetite for raw materials and other goods purchased from its Asian neighbors is helping the region weather a slowdown in demand from the U.S., which is mired in the worst housing slump in 16 years.

The World Bank has raised its forecasts for China twice this year, predicting Asia's second-largest economy will grow 11.3 percent, before easing to 10.8 percent in 2008. It maintained that forecast in today's report. The country's inflation rate, which rose at the fastest pace in more than a decade last month, is expected to ``gradually ease'' later this year, the lender said.

No Serious Risk

China needs to address its rising trade surplus, which has forced the central bank to mop up the inflow of cash by selling bills, raising interest rates and ordering banks to set aside larger reserves, the World Bank said.

``Although there are some macroeconomic and financial trends that could pose a risk to this strong growth forecast, none appears serious enough at present to derail the current momentum or to cause authorities to make major policy changes that would lead to a marked slowing in the near term,'' the bank's report said.

China's government can rebalance growth by implementing policies including allowing more appreciation and flexibility in the yuan, as well as raising borrowing costs, it said.

Still, risks remain a decade after the Asian financial crisis, which led the International Monetary Fund to arrange more than $90 billion of loans to Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea after their currencies collapsed, the World Bank said.

Threats to the region's growth have increased in the past six months amid turmoil in financial markets and record oil prices, the lender said.

The price of crude oil prices has risen 54 percent this year. It reached $98.62 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange on Nov. 7, the highest price since trading began in 1983.

`Substantial Downturn'

``There is a significant probability the subprime crisis, the associated credit squeeze and rising oil prices could force a more substantial downturn in the developed world, in particular in the U.S.,'' the World Bank said. ``If a U.S. recession were to materialize, it would likely be accompanied by a significant but not severe decline in East Asian growth.''

The collapse of the subprime market in the U.S., where borrowers with impaired credit got mortgages before home foreclosures rose to a record, spread to global credit markets and triggered about $45 billion in writedowns among the world's largest banks.

``The outbreak of the U.S. subprime crisis has had little adverse impact on East Asia so far,'' the report said. ``Risks may increase if the global instability and tightening of credit markets intensifies and leads to further declines in prices of various other structured assets held by banks.''

Investment Climate

The World Bank also raised its forecasts for Southeast Asia's middle-income countries including Malaysia and the Philippines, plus the newly-industrialized economies of South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Investment in Indonesia is expected to ``remain strong,'' while the country's fiscal deficit may widen further this year, the World Bank said. Growth in the Philippines may reach or exceed the government's targets, it added.

In Thailand, where domestic consumption and investment have languished amid political turmoil following a military coup, elections later this year may spur growth in 2008, the report said.

``Clearer policy direction from the new government after the December elections should help improve investor sentiment and raise investment growth next year,'' the lender said. ``Exports of goods and services remain the key driver of growth this year and will remain so next year.''

The following table contains the World Bank's April estimates of growth, as well as revised forecasts for 2007 and projections for 2008.



April's Nov.'s Estimates
Estimates & Forecasts
2007 2008 2007 2008

East Asia 7.3 7.1 8.4 8.2
China 9.6 8.7 11.3 10.8
Southeast Asia 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.8
Indonesia 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.4
Malaysia 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.9
Philippines 5.6 6.0 6.7 6.2
Thailand 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.6
Newly Industrialized 4.6 5.0 5.1 5.1
Hong Kong (SAR) 5.3 5.1 5.8 5.2
Singapore 5.5 5.6 7.4 6.4
South Korea 4.5 5.0 4.8 5.1
Taiwan (China) 4.1 4.6 4.6 4.6
Small Economies 6.0 5.8 6.4 6.2
Vietnam 8.0 8.0 8.3 8.2